Mathematical Estimation of Endogenous Proline as a Bioindicator to Regulate the Stress of Trivalent Chromium on Rice Plants Grown in Different Nitrogenous Conditions

The accumulation of proline impacts the defense mechanisms plants against harmful effects adverse environmental conditions; however, its concentration in is associated with metabolism N. Therefore, exogenous organic [glutamate (Glu)/arginine (Arg)] and inorganic [nitrate (NO3−)/ammonium (NH4+)] N on (Pro) rice under trivalent chromium [Cr(III)] stress were studied through using mass balance matrix model (MBMM). Application ‘NH4+’ showed largest contribution to Pro content shoots different concentrations Cr(III), followed by ‘NO3−’, ‘Arg’, ‘Glu’ applications. On other hand, ‘Arg’ application displayed roots Cr(III) stress, ‘NH4+’, ‘Glu’, ‘NO3−’ combined ‘NH4++Arg’ greatest both Cr(III)-treated seedlings, while ‘NO3−+Glu’ least seedlings. current study indicated that endogenous level seedlings quite sensitive sources, mathematical modeling a reliable result estimating relationship between source application.